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Tuesday, 22 November 2011
Monday, 21 November 2011
Oceans Teem With Tiny Plastic Particles
60-Second Earth |
Energy & Sustainability
Washing machine waste water carries tiny pieces of plastic to the oceans, where they wind up in sea life. David Biello reports.
November 20, 2011?|
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Swirls of trashed plastic litter the seven seas. But it's not the enormous plastic patches that pose the biggest pollution problem. Instead it's bits of plastic less than one millimeter in size.
Such microplastic litters shorelines like grains of sand, floats in the open ocean and even sinks down to the deep sea. And sampling the microplastic on shorelines reveals that most of it comes from sewage. That?s according to an analysis in the journal Environmental Science and Technology. [Mark Anthony Browne et al, Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks]
But how did the microplastic get in the sewage in the first place? Most of the particles were plastics commonly used in clothes ? polyester and acrylic. Similar levels of such particles were found in the discharge from nearby sewage treatment plants. And that means most of the microplastics were coming from our washing machines.
Fleece is the worst shedder. But various plastic-based garments can lose more than 1,900 fibers per wash. The solution may be to add better filters, either to washing machines or to the sewage treatment plants that deal with all the wash water.
Otherwise, all that plastic ends up stored in cells of sea life. And that's not very clean.
?David Biello
[The above text is a transcript of this podcast]
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Sunday, 20 November 2011
Dying and disabled in Honduras, in pursuit of lobster to sell to U.S.
By Jessica Hopper, Michelle Balani and Alissa Figueroa
Rock Center
Off the coast of Honduras, divers are dying in search of what they call "red gold." The treasure they're hunting is the lobster that ends up on many American dinner plates.
"Americans should know that every time they eat the lobster, there is a history behind that lobster," said Dr. Elmer Mejia.
Mejia has been treating lobster divers for nearly three years at his clinic in La Ceiba, Honduras. The doctor has the only hyperbaric chamber to treat the men who come to him when they are suffering from decompression sickness, commonly called "the bends."?
Thousands of men have become permanently disabled working in the unsafe and poorly regulated lobster industry in Honduras. They dive at depths of up to 120 feet with air tanks that rarely have pressure gauges to warn them when their supply is running low. The divers then bolt to the surface when they're running out of air, which can result in severe decompression sickness and in some cases, paralysis.
"It's incredibly dangerous what they are doing.? They are diving so far beyond anything that we would consider to be within acceptable limits," said Eric Douglas, who writes about diving safety and has studied the Miskito divers along with Dr. Mejia. "They are poorly trained. They are poorly equipped," said Douglas. "They have none of the basic things that divers today would consider mandatory equipment- pressure gauges, alternate air sources, even a buoyancy control vest to help them float underwater without effort."
These men dive as many as 16 times a day, and sometimes ignore their difficulty breathing to attempt to catch one more lobster.?
"They get paid by the pound, so the more lobsters they can get on every one of those dives, the more money they make.? So they're going to push it for every last breath in the tank," said Douglas.
About 90 percent of their catch ends up in the United States, according to the Honduran government.
Mejia has treated more than 250 divers over the past three years. These men are often paralyzed as a result of their decompression illness.
"It's very difficult when you see very young people paralyzed from the neck down below and you know that they will not improve," said Dr. Mejia.
Mejia frequently travels to the Miskito Coast, a remote area of Honduras about 200 miles from his clinic where most of his patients live. People here have no electricity or running water. There are few other job opportunities, and most families have at least one male relative who was injured diving for America's dinners.
In a dilapidated one-room house, Wilmur Mauricio Sambola lay dying. He was paralyzed from the chest down while diving for lobster and he was suffering from a severe infection caused by his illness. Mejia had treated Sambola ten months earlier and knew that his injuries were severe, but he was still shocked to see how rapidly he had deteriorated.
"He was a very strong man, I'm really surprised at his condition at this moment," said Mejia as he leaned over the ailing man.
During his visit, there was little Mejia could do to treat the 31-year-old man except to provide him with pain medication.
Some 4,500 divers throughout the Miskito Coast have suffered from dive-related injuries like Sambola. Those lucky enough to be healed often return to diving.
"We feel very pleased when they improve very quickly at the chamber, but sometimes we are kind of scared because if they improve so quick, so fast, they will think the hyperbaric chamber makes miracles," said Mejia. "So they will go back again diving and the next time can be the last time."?
They take the risk for a few hundred dollars a month.
"Whether they are dive caught or trap caught lobsters, you can't tell, all that we're looking at is the tail," said Agent Paul Raymond of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.?
There are no laws in the U.S. blocking the import of lobster caught by deep sea divers like the Miskito men.
The Honduran government is working with regional fishing agencies and nonprofit organizations to put an end to lobster diving within two years. USAID and the World Bank are providing funding to help the divers find alternate work if the ban takes place.??
"If we do not provide the job alternatives, stopping the diving will be like killing them," says Dr. Mejia.
Editor's Note: Natalie Morales' full report on the Honduran lobster divers, "Lobster Trap," airs Monday, Nov. 21 at 10 pm/9 ct on Rock Center with Brian Williams.
?
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US budget woes could hit European missile defense
Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., member of the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, often called the Supercommittee, speaks to reporters following a closed-door meeting on Capitol Hill in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)
Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., member of the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, often called the Supercommittee, speaks to reporters following a closed-door meeting on Capitol Hill in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)
Rep. Jeb Hensarling, R-Texas, co-chair of the supercommittee, tells reporters outside his office that the deficit reduction panel would work over the weekend as the deadline for its work nears, on Capitol Hill in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., co-chair of the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, often called the Supercommittee, returns to closed-door talks after speaking briefly to reporters as she and fellow Democrats on the panel meet at the Capitol in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Sen. Patrick Toomey, R-Pa., arrives for a meeting with bi-partisan members of the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, often called the Supercommittee, on Capitol Hill in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? A breakdown in high-stakes budget talks in Congress could threaten plans for a missile defense shield in Europe.
Congressional negotiators have shown little sign they will be able to meet Wednesday's deadline for reducing the deficit by $1.2 trillion over 10 years. If they fail to agree, a new law mandates cuts throughout the federal government, including a big slice of the defense budget.
While it is not known what military spending would be cut, an expensive program aimed primarily at defending Europe is unlikely to be spared.
The U.S. sees the missile defense system, aimed at countering a threat from Iran, as part of its contribution to the NATO military alliance. With the United States often complaining that it makes a disproportionately large contribution to NATO, missile defense could be especially vulnerable to budget-cutters.
"A missile defense system for NATO? It's going to be hard to keep people committed if they think the U.S. is picking up the tab for Europe," says Kurt Volker, who was ambassador to NATO at the end of the George W. Bush administration.
Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has warned that the European missile defense program could be threatened if the special deficit reduction committee should fail to work out a deal. That suggestion, though, may have been intended mostly to nudge lawmakers to resolve their differences and avoid the automatic cuts to one of their favorite programs.
It is still possible that committee members could set aside intense partisan differences and reach a deal by Wednesday. If they do not, Congress might find a way to cancel the cuts before they take effect in 2013.
That may only delay the scaling back of the U.S. military role in Europe. A decade-long expansion of military spending appears to be coming to an end, and the Obama administration has indicated it is shifting its foreign policy toward Asia, where it sees the greatest opportunities and threats of coming decades.
"Where does that leave Europe? Lower down the list," says Todd Harrison, senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.
Beyond missile defense, the automatic cuts could prompt the U.S. to save money by shifting some warships away from Europe but probably would not lead to fewer U.S. troops there.
The United States has already reduced its presence in Europe from more than 200,000 in 1989 to slightly more than 40,000 today. It has plans for a further pullback by 2015 but is unlikely to accelerate that simply because there are no short-term savings to be had from moving troops out of their European bases.
"We can't take the remaining bases with us," says Christopher Wiley, an analyst with the trans-Atlantic relations program at the Bertelsmann Foundation who is preparing a report on the impact of budget cuts on U.S. policy in Europe. "It's not a good place to save cash."
___
Online:
U.S. Missile Defense Agency: http://www.mda.mil
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Saturday, 19 November 2011
UK police charge four with terrorism offences (Reuters)
LONDON (Reuters) ? British police charged four men from the central English city of Birmingham Friday with terrorism offences linked to Pakistan.
The men were arrested Tuesday as part of a police counter-terrorism investigation in which eight others have also been charged.
West Midlands Police said in a statement the four men would appear in court in London Saturday.
They face charges of fundraising for the purposes of terrorism, traveling to Pakistan for training and traveling abroad to commit acts of terrorism.
Police named the four as Khobaib Hussain, Ishaaq Hussain and Shahid Kasam Khan, all 19 years old, and Naweed Mahmood Ali, aged 24.
Their arrests were pre-planned and not made in response to any immediate threat to public safety, police said Tuesday.
(Reporting by Tim Castle; Editing by Myra MacDonald)
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Friday, 18 November 2011
Kodak HERO 3.1 All-in-One Printer
The Kodak HERO 3.1 All-in-One Printer ($99.99 direct) is the junior member of Kodak?s HERO line of inkjet multifunction printers (MFPs). It provides a low-priced option with solid home credentials, respectable speed and output quality for its price.
The HERO 3.1, which prints, scans, and copies, is a black machine with silver and red trim, which measures 6.8 by 16.5 by 12.3 inches and weighs 11.9 pounds, closely resembling the Editors? Choice Kodak ESP C310 All In One Printer ($99.99 direct, 4 stars).? To the right of the lid tilt-up 2.4-inch color LCD lies behind a 4-way controller and some basic control buttons: On, Cancel, Home, Back, Zoom in/Zoom Out, and Start. The HERO 3.1 has a media-card reader that can read cards in the SD, Memory Stick, and MultiMedia Card families, though it lacks a port for a USB thumb drive, one of the features that the Kodak HERO 5.1 ($129.99, 4 stars) adds to the mix.
This MFP has a 100-sheet paper capacity, but lacks an automatic duplexer for printing on both sides of a sheet of paper. It also lacks fax capabilities and an automatic document feeder (ADF), clearly making it an MFP focused on home use and setting it apart from the Editors? Choice Brother MFC-J430W ($100 street, 4 stars), a business-oriented budget MFP.
The HERO 3:1 includes built-in support for Google Cloud Print and Kodak Email Print, which is essentially an extension to Google Cloud Print. Once you assign the printer an email address through Kodak Email Print, you can print to it from any computer, smartphone, or other device that can send email. You simply create a message, attach the document you want printed, and send it. You don't even need to turn on your computer, thanks to the printer having its own email address, although the printer has to be connected to your network, with your network connected to the Internet.
The HERO 3.1 can connect to a LAN via WiFi or to a computer via USB cable. I tested it over a USB connection with the drivers installed on a PC running Windows Vista.
Printing Speed
The printer's speed on our business applications suite (using QualityLogic's hardware and software for timing), was tied with the HERO 5.1, at 3.1 pages per minute (ppm), faster than the Editors? Choice Kodak ESP C310?s 2.7 ppm. (Surprisingly, both the HERO 3.1 and HERO 5.1 tested somewhat faster than the higher-end models in the HERO line.) The HP Photosmart 5510 e-All-in-One ($100 street, 3.5 stars) tested at 3.7 ppm, while the Brother MFC-J430w left them all in the dust by testing at 4.3 ppm.
Output Quality
Overall, the HERO 3:1?s output quality was very similar to the HERO 5:1, with average text, sub-par graphics, and photos of average (if inconsistent) quality.
Text quality was typical of an inkjet MFP, suitable for schoolwork and general business use but not for desktop publishing, marketing materials, or other output
Graphics quality for the HERO 3.1 was sub-par for an inkjet. Banding (a regular pattern of faint lines of discoloration) was prevalent in some illustrations, particularly ones with solid backgrounds. A couple of illustrations showed blotchiness, with slightly faded areas. Another issue was posterization, abrupt shifts in color where they should have been gradual. Also, thin colored lines did not show up at all, defaulting to gray (which made them barely visible against a black background.
Photo quality was inconsistent, with some prints looking better than what you?d expect from a drugstore and others worse. Overall, colors were rich and well saturated. A monochrome image showed a tint, and in several images detail was lost in bright areas.
Other Issues
The HERO 3:1 lets you create and print 3D images. It includes a utility that will create an anaglyphic 3D color image (the kind that needs glasses with one red lens and one blue lens to see the 3D effect). To print a 3D image, you need two photos of the same scene, and you?ll need to move the camera about three inches horizontally between snapping the two pictures. The utility overlays the images and prints them. To let you see the 3D effect, Kodak provides two pairs of glasses with the printer.
Kodak claims ?running costs for the HERO 3:1 of 3.9 cents per monochrome page and 10.7 cents per color page; the cost per color page is particularly low.
The Kodak HERO 3.1 offers decent speed for a $99 printer, and its output quality is average for an inkjet at its price. It?s slightly faster than the Editors? Choice Kodak ESP C310 but it adds little feature-wise, and the C310 edged it in photo quality. The HERO 3.1 is a good choice for a budget inkjet MFP, providing low price and low running costs, but you should also consider the C310, the extra features of the HERO 5:1, or?if you want an MFP for home-office as well as home use?the Brother MFC-J430w.
More Multi-function Printer Reviews:
??? Kodak HERO 5.1 All-in-One Printer
??? Kodak HERO 3.1 All-in-One Printer
??? HP PhotoSmart 5510 e-All-in-One
??? Canon imageClass MF5960dn
??? Canon imageClass MF5950dw
?? more
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Gruber unloads on Romney (Politico)
MIT's?Jonathan Gruber, who advised both Mitt Romney and the White House on health care reform, tells Capital New York what he really thinks of the former Massachusetts governor's health care message:
Continue ReadingHe credited Mitt Romney for not totally disavowing the Massachusetts bill during his presidential campaign, but said Romney's attempt to distinguish between Obama's bill and his own is disingenuous.
"The problem is there is no way to say that," Gruber said. "Because they're the same f[******] bill. He just can't have his cake and eat it too. Basically, you know, it's the same bill. He can try to draw distinctions and stuff, but he's just lying. The only big difference is he didn't have to pay for his. Because the federal government paid for it. Where at the federal level, we have to pay for it, so we have to raise taxes."
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